Gita 1-41

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मूलम्

अधर्माभिभवात्कृष्ण प्रदुष्यन्ति कुलस्त्रियः |
स्त्रीषु दुष्टासु वार्ष्णेय जायते वर्णसङ्करः || १-४१ ||

Meaning

शब्दार्थाः (Word for word)

अधर्माभिभवात् -- due to the predominance of unrighteousness; कृष्ण -- O Krishna!; प्रदुष्यन्ति -- are corrupted; कुलस्त्रियः -- the family's women; स्त्रीषु -- when women; दुष्टासु -- when corrupted; वार्ष्णेय -- O Varshneya! (refers to Krishna who belongs to the Vrishni clan); जायते -- is born, arises; वर्णसङ्करः -- intermixture/confusion of castes

अन्वयः (Word order)

कृष्ण! अधर्माभिभवात् कुलस्त्रियः प्रदुष्यन्ति । वार्ष्णेय! स्त्रीषु दुष्टासु वर्णसङ्करः जायते ।

अनुवादः (Translation)

(Arjuna continues) "O Krishna! Due to the predominance of unrighteousness, the family's women are corrupted. O Varshneya! When women are corrupted, confusion of castes arises."

Notes

Ramanuja does not comment on this verse separately.

RSDji writes that due to decay of धर्म , practices that encourage सत्त्व decrease and one's judgment becomes erroneous which in turn leads to women becoming wanton.

An alternate explanation I have heard is that the rise of अधर्म causes men to lose their senses and sully the women.

Practice Notes

(Balaji)

None

anand11 May 2009, 10:04

When a big burden of pursuing and maintaining Dharma is bestowed on the males, any अधर्मः should first impact them right? I had wondered before if प्रदुष्यन्ति refered to some unfortunate happenings forced on women, but here the indication seems to be clear that the women on their own accord fall on bad/wanton ways. I used to think this is egregious, but do not feel so strongly now, but have always wondered why the negativity is so abjectly referring to women.

balaji11 May 2009, 22:06

I don't think it is wrong to say that men often look to women for support and encouragement when they have doubts about following their dharma. This seems to be pretty uniform across various cultures.

So, imo, men are like the soldiers at the front and women are the final bastion in the fight against adharma. Men failing their dharma is the first sign of impending doom and women falling is the really the final collapse itself. This verse can be interpreted in either way.

mani11 May 2009, 23:12

I like Balaji's interpretation and find it true in practice.

anand12 May 2009, 01:16

I hate discussing generalizations like these, but felt strongly enough on this one to bring up. I will not continue on this angle, but I cannot relate to what Balaji is saying with men falling back to women for support and women being the final bastion. Dasharatha was not weak when Kaikeyi invited him to adharma. DhRtarashtra was not supported well by Gandhari whose own brother was very adhaarmic. Tara and Mandodari were dhaarmic but it did not help much. In many families I have interacted with, there has been a wide spread in how the man and the woman support each other on the questions of dharma.

By the way, have any of the commentators explained why varNa-sa~NkaraH is inherently bad and why it was taboo, or was it just too obvious?

balaji12 May 2009, 02:26
Anand : I was pointing out that it is culturally assumed to be so both in Eastern and Western cultures, if one goes by the literature. I do think there is much more to the examples that you gave from Ramayana etc but the discussion will take us too far afield and has little to no practical use. Incidentally, while I think generalizations based on gender etc are not uniformly applicable, there is in several case, a great amount of truth to them. In this particular case, I do think that in a marriage it is more common for one of the wife or husband to be the consistent supporting voice. It matters little which gender that person belongs to.

As for the वर्णसङ्करः issue, I've heard several explanations but find them acceptable only under massive assumptions. Given that it is not pertinent to me in my own life, I've personally decided to stop thinking about the question.

After having gone down this path several times, I now find it fruitless to think about whether each and every thing the Gita says is right. I still am, however, interested in finding out if Gita is practically applicable and would like to apply it in my own life and see if it has any positive effect.

Further, Arjuna is confused at this moment and one need not take all his arguments as right or even correctly motivated. There is, as you know, some discussion of jAti and duties later on in the Gita. Maybe the commentators would have something more useful to say there?

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Gita 1-40 | Gita 1-42