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Krishnamachari, N. • July 21, 1997 


 		Sri VishNu SahasranAmam - nAma 25 to 36.

25.  sarvah  (sa as in sanAtana) - One who is all - the cause of
creation and destruction of all things.

	We have the following from MahAbhArata - 

"asatasca satascaiva sarvasya  prabhavApyayAt     |
   sarvasya sarvadA jnAnAt savamenam pracakshate           ||  (MB
5.68.11)

"He is the origin and end of all things, chetana and achetana, and He
has full knowledge of all beings at all times, and so He is called
sarva".

Sri ChinmayAnanda gives a very simple illustration to help understand
the concept behind this nAma. - "All waves arise from the same ocean,
and so the ocean is the essence in all waves".

26.  sarvah (sa as in Siva) - The Remover of all sins 

	I am unable to get a good understanding of the interpretation of this
nAma.  The word is derived from the root sr - to tear to pieces, to
kill, to hurt.    Neither Sri Bhattar nor Sri Sankara have given
references to other srutis for this nAma.  If any of you know of a
context in the Gita or elsewhere that this name occurs or is referred
to, please advise me since I would like to understand the significance
of this nAma better.  
..
  Sri Bhattar's vyAkhyAna says that the Lord is called sarva because He
removes the evils of objects that are His body (sva sarIra bhUtAnAm
asubhamapi srNAti iti sarvah.  Perhaps this means that BhagavAn destroys
the sins of His devotees, but the significance of the word .
"asubhamapi" in the above is unclear.  The author of Nirukti interprets
Sri Bhattar's above vyAkhyAna as follows:  "sva sarIra jagad-duhkham
sarva: sa sthAt srNAti yah"-  Sri Sankara interprets this word in terms
of the action of BhagavAn at the time of pralaya in withdrawing all
beings unto Himself - srNAti samhAra samaye samharati samhArayati vA
sakalAh prajA: iti sarvah.  In this context, SrI RadhAkrshNa Sastri
points out that this destruction at the time of prlaya is not really to
be considered cruel, since this is like "destroying" the shape of raw
rice when it is cooked in order to make it edible - the beings are
destroyed in order to give them new life.

26.  sivah - One who confers auspiciouness 

	subha Avahasca sivah - One who bestows auspiciouness on all.

	In Mahabharata Drona Parva (202), we have the following for supporting
the above interpretation:

	"sameghayati yan-nityam sarvArthAn sarvakarmasu     |
	   sivamicchan manushyAnAm tasmAdesha sivah smrtah    ||

	"One who bestows all that is desired always by all His devotees is
called Siva because of this guNa of His".

Two instances of Sri VishNu being referred to as Siva are in nArAyaNa
upanishad - 

	"sAsvatam sivam acyutam" - The Eternal, The Auspicious, and the One Who
never lets His devotees fall"

	"sa brahma sa sivah sendrah so'ksharah paramah svarAt" -  He is Brahma,
He is Siva, He is Indra, He is Eternal, He is Supreme, He is the Lord of
all.

28.  sthANuh -  One who is .firm in His benefits and anugraha to the
devotees.

	The name derives from the word stha - tisThati, indicating firmness or
steadiness.   Sri Bhattar interprets this name as indicating that the
result of BhagavAn's anugraha is firm in its effect of blessing the
devotee far beyond what other lesser acts can bestow.  

	Sri Radhakrishnam Sastri indicates that sthANu is also the name for a
tree which has matured to such an extent that no changes affect it any
more, including sun, rain etc.   He interprets this name as indicating
BhagavAn's guNa of not being affected by changes such as growth, decay,
etc., nor impacted by the changes of time, place, etc.  

	We will revisit the name sthANu again in the sloka "vistArah sthAvarah
sthANuh.....", where we should expect a different interpretation for
this guNa in the context that is applicable at that part of the stotram.

29.  bhUtAdih - . a) One who is eagerly sought after by all beings	
       
		 b)  The source or cause of all beings
		 c)  The very source of the panca bhUtas 

Sri Bhattar gives the interpretation bhUtaih sprhaNIyatanatayA AdIyate -
 One who is eagerly sought after by all beings.   Sri Sankara gives the
interpretation bhUtAnAm Adi-kAraNatvAt bhUtAdih - BhagavAn is called
bhUtAdih because He is the first cause of all beings.   It is possible
that Sri Bhattar chose to interpret it differently because the second
interpretation is similar to the meaning for bhUtakrt (nAma 5).  I would
like to request any of our bhaktas to comment further.

	Sri ChinmayAnanda gives another plausible interpretation . - The very
cause for the first five great elements - the panca bhUtas - Space, Air,
Fire, Water, and Earth.  BhUtAnAm Adih

30.  nidhravyayah - The inexhaustible treasure.

	Avayayah nidhih - He is like the wealth that is kept under safe keeping
and always available at the time of distress to His bhaktas.  Sri
ChinmayAnanda points out that the term nidhi means that in which
precious things are stored away or preserved secretly - nidhIyate asmin
iti nidhih.  Surely BhagavAn is a treasure that is not understood or
obtained easily by everyone.

Sri Sankara interprets this nAma as meaning that VishNu is the One in
whom all things go and lie merged therein temporarily till the next
creation, and so He is the Immutable Treasure Chest. 

31.  sambhavah - (Though like a Hidden Treasure), One who manifests
Himself at will to .those who sincerely seek Him. 

	He manifests Himself at any place and at any time and in any form (
e.g., nrsimha, matsya, kUrma, etc.). 

	Note the following:  "dharma samsthApanArthAya sambhavAmi yuge yuge"
(GItA 4-8)
		     "svecchayA sambhavAmyevam garbha duhkha vivarjitah" 

32.  bhAvanah -  (Having manifested thus), One who regenerates all by
dispelling all their evils.

	The author of Nirukti summarizes Sri Bhattar's interpretation by the
following words:  yo janitvA janAn ujjIvayati sah bhAvanah - One who,
after having manifested Himself (sambhavah - see above), brings back all
to life.

	Sri ChinmayAnanda points out that to do bhAvana is to give, and
BhagavAn gives the fruits of action as they deserve to all, and so He is
bhAvana.   This is consistent with Sri Sankara's interpretation that
BhagavAn is bhAvana because He gives the fruits of actions to all jivas.

33.  bhartA - Supporter.

	Sri Sankara gives the following vyAkhyAna - prapancasya adhishTAnatvena
bharaNAt bhartA - BhagavAn is bhartA (Sustainer) because He sustains the
universe as its Lord.  Sri Bhattar points out that He does this
nourishing of His devotees by giving Himself up to His devotees because
this is His Nature - yasmAt pushNAti Atma-dAnAt.  

34.  prabhavah - One whose birth is of a sublime nature.

	Asya bhavah prakrshTa iti prabhavah - His birth (bhava) is unsullied by
any blemish, and is capable of uprooting the fetter of birth of all
those who realize Him.  Or, prakarsheNa bhavati .

35.  prabhuh - He who is all powerful.

	Sri Sankara's vyAkhyAna is - sarvAsu kriyAsu sAmarthya atisayavAn
prabhuh - One who is the most powerful, showing it forth in all His
actions.  The author of Nirukti summarizes Sri Bhattar's vyAkhyAna thus:

	"brahmAdInAm ca sarveshAm bhoga-moksha-samarpaNe    |
	   samarthah prabhu: ityuktah sarveshTa phalado manuh             || "

He is prabhu - most powerful - because he can bestow fruits such as the
enjoyment of the pleasures associated with those of Brahma and even
moksha.  

36.  Isvarah -  a) One who has the supreme power of control over all
beings
b)  One who has the ability to do anything without the help of any other
beings or things

	This nAma is interpreted based on its relation to the word aisvarya or
to the word ishta.

	The first meaning derives from the word aisvarya - nirupAdhikam
aisvaryam asya iti Isvarah - He is Isvara because he has unlimited might
or power.  The second meaning derives from IshTe iti Isvarah - One who
can do whatever He wills without the help of anything else.

	We will continue with nAma 37 in the next section.

-dAsan KrshNamAchAryan

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